To conduct any business in Egypt, a person or entity should be registered in the commercial register. An individual trader can register what is called a “Person’s Company” by him or herself, or with another person or persons (Joint Partnership). However, Persons’ Companies extend the liability of the company to the ‘person’ and the trader’s personal property will be accessed by law to cover the liability of the company and other partners. Therefore, business people prefer to form what is called a Financial Companies – which include limited liability and joint stock companies and which limit the liability of the company to its financial and other assets without access to the assets of the shareholders. There are other forms of Financial Companies, and business structures that NAL LAW Corporate team advises clients on based on the activities that the company intends to carry in Egypt, required licenses, capital, number of investors and other factors. The most popular corporate form for start-ups is the limited liability company which can now be established by one person. NAL LAW simplified all procedures of limited liability companies’ establishment by providing users the opportunity to do all the formation work online and receive your commercial register and operate within days. To learn more visit Company Express™

Businesses and enterprises that grow into other countries (jurisdictions) always face the question of which company and in which country should be the one owning the intellectual property rights. With expansion and growth, most enterprises chose a central model where one company with the best legal jurisdiction for IP ownership, owning the intellectual property rights including the brand and sub-brands and then licensing these IP rights to the other affiliated companies in the other countries. This structuring most often has tax, cost, and legal implications that need to be closely examined. NAL LAW Corporate team, being experienced intellectual property lawyers as well, provide the best advice on the best available models for corporate structuring for tax and intellectual property purposes. Also see our services under IP Registration & IP Strategy

R&D Expenditure monitors how much the public and private sectors spend on research and development and thus invest in science and technology. The total global R&D expenditures reached $2.2 trillion in 2019, and has become the main indicator of the strength of an economy. R& D agreements between universities and research institutes on one side the private industry on the other have become common place, and the 20th century has seen a proliferation in idea incubators and innovation centers in educational institutions worldwide. The same has happened with software and IT systems development agreement between companies, and between companies and freelance developers especially with digital transformation and the advances in mobile phone applications. The global Fintech business alone is valued at $7.3 trillion in 2021. NAL LAW Corporate team are well versed and experienced in drafting and reviewing R&D agreements as well as software licenses representing major strategic clients.